Jean-François-Maurice-Arnauld, better known as Maurice Sand (1823-1889), was a French illustrator and writer who also experimented in various other subjects including painting, geology, and biology. He was the son of French novelist and feminist George Sand, whose pseudonym he adopted. Maurice Sand studied under Eugène Delacroix. In addition to his numerous novels, Sand is best remembered for his monumental study of "commedia dell'arte : Masques et bouffons (comédie italienne)" (1860).